The first fully computer-animated feature film was Pixar's Toy Story (1995). The process of CGI animation is still very tedious and similar in that sense to traditional animation, and it still adheres to many of the same principles.
A principal difference of CGI animation compared to traditional animation is that drawing is replaced by 3D modeling, almost like a virtual version of stop-motion. A form of animation that combines the two and uses 2D computer drawing can be considered computer aided animation.
Most CGI created films are based on animal characters, monsters, machines, or cartoon-like humans. Animation studios are now trying to develop ways to create realistic-looking humans. Films that have attempted this include Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within in 2001, Final Fantasy: Advent Children in 2005, The Polar Express in 2004, Beowulf in 2007 and Resident Evil: Degeneration in 2009. However, due to the complexity of human body functions, emotions and interactions, this method of animation is rarely used. The more realistic a CG character becomes, the more difficult it is to create the nuances and details of a living person, and the greater the likelihood of the character falling into the uncanny valley. The creation of hair and clothing that move convincingly with the animated human character is another area of difficulty. The Incredibles and Up both have humans as protagonists, while films like Avatar combine animation with live action to create humanoid creatures.
Cel-shading is a type of non-photo realistic rendering intended to make computer graphics appear hand-drawn. It is often used to mimic the style of a comic book or cartoon. It is a somewhat recent addition to computer graphics, most commonly turning up in console video games. Though the end result of cel-shading has a very simplistic feel like that of hand-drawn animation, the process is complex. The name comes from the clear sheets of acetate (originally, celluloid), called cels, that are painted on for use in traditional 2D animation. It may be considered a "2.5D" form of animation. True real-time cel-shading was first introduced in 2000 by Sega's Jet Set Radio for their Dreamcast console. Besides video games, a number of anime have also used this style of animation, such as Freedom Project in 2006.
Machinima is the use of real-time 3D computer graphics rendering engines to create a cinematic production. Most often, video games are used to generate the computer animation. Machinima-based artists, sometimes called machinimists or machinimators, are often fan laborers, by virtue of their re-use of copyrighted materials
A principal difference of CGI animation compared to traditional animation is that drawing is replaced by 3D modeling, almost like a virtual version of stop-motion. A form of animation that combines the two and uses 2D computer drawing can be considered computer aided animation.
Most CGI created films are based on animal characters, monsters, machines, or cartoon-like humans. Animation studios are now trying to develop ways to create realistic-looking humans. Films that have attempted this include Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within in 2001, Final Fantasy: Advent Children in 2005, The Polar Express in 2004, Beowulf in 2007 and Resident Evil: Degeneration in 2009. However, due to the complexity of human body functions, emotions and interactions, this method of animation is rarely used. The more realistic a CG character becomes, the more difficult it is to create the nuances and details of a living person, and the greater the likelihood of the character falling into the uncanny valley. The creation of hair and clothing that move convincingly with the animated human character is another area of difficulty. The Incredibles and Up both have humans as protagonists, while films like Avatar combine animation with live action to create humanoid creatures.
Cel-shading is a type of non-photo realistic rendering intended to make computer graphics appear hand-drawn. It is often used to mimic the style of a comic book or cartoon. It is a somewhat recent addition to computer graphics, most commonly turning up in console video games. Though the end result of cel-shading has a very simplistic feel like that of hand-drawn animation, the process is complex. The name comes from the clear sheets of acetate (originally, celluloid), called cels, that are painted on for use in traditional 2D animation. It may be considered a "2.5D" form of animation. True real-time cel-shading was first introduced in 2000 by Sega's Jet Set Radio for their Dreamcast console. Besides video games, a number of anime have also used this style of animation, such as Freedom Project in 2006.
Machinima is the use of real-time 3D computer graphics rendering engines to create a cinematic production. Most often, video games are used to generate the computer animation. Machinima-based artists, sometimes called machinimists or machinimators, are often fan laborers, by virtue of their re-use of copyrighted materials
Disney
1937- Snow White & The Seven Dwarfs
First feature-length film in motion picture history to utilise cel animation and the multi-plane camera. Exiled into the dangerous forest by her wicked stepmother, a princess is rescued by seven dwarf miners who make her part of their household. 1940- Pinocchio Many film historians describe his film as the most technically perfect of all the Disney animated features. A living puppet , with the help of a cricket as his conscience, must prove himself worthy of becoming a real boy. 1942- Bambi The animators heard lectures from animal experts and studied the movements of two fawns in the studio. The story of a young deer growing up in the forest. 1950- Cinderella Walt Disney had the animators first film the entire movie in live-action sequences to pinpoint character movement. When Cinderella's cruel stepmother prevents her from attending the Royal Ball, she gets some unexpected help from the lovable mice Gus and Jaq, and from her Fairy Godmother. 1953- Peter Pan Walt Disney had planned to make this movie since 1935. However the story rights were not bequeathed until 1940s. Wendy and her brothers are whisked away to the magical world of Neverland with the hero of their stories, Peter Pan . 1959- Sleeping Beauty The animated scenes in this film have many painterly backgrounds, influenced by the artistic style of Eyvind Earle. After being snubbed by the royal family, a malevolent fairy places a curse on a princess which only a prince can break, along with the help of three good fairies. 1961- 101 Dalmatians The animators solely used a scanning techniques to transfer their drawings into cels that greatly sped up the production. When a litter of Dalmatian puppies are abducted by the minions of Cruella de Vil, the parents must find them before she uses them for a diabolical fashion statement. 1989- The Little Mermaid The little Mermaid was the last Disney feature film to utilise hand painted cel animation. A mermaid princess makes a Faustian bargain in an attempt to become human and win a prince's love. 1991- Beauty & The Beast The animator incorporated a 3D ballroom background with the 2D animated characters, allowing for dramatic camera movements as they danced across the floor. 1992- Aladdin CGI techniques allowed the animators to create the amazing magic carpet ride through the Cave of Wonders. A kindhearted street urchin and a power-hungry Grand Vizier vie for a magic lamp that has the power to make their deepest wishes come true. 1994- The Lion King The character animations studies lions and other real-life animals in their studio, like the Bambi in 1942. A Lion cub crown prince is tricked by a treacherous uncle into thinking he caused his father's death and flees into exile in despair, only to learn in adulthood his identity and his responsibilities. 1995- Pocahontas Animators consider this as one of the hardest films produced in their studio. With a complex colour scheme and realistic character features, it took five years to make. 1997- Hercules This was the first animated film to use the process of morphing objects utilising computer technology. The son of Zeus and Hera is stripped of his immortality as an infant and must become a true hero in order to reclaim it. 1998- Mulan The production team developed a new software which allowed independent movement of each Hun soldier without animating them all individually. 1999- Tarzan The production team developed a 3D rendering technique to capture painted brushstrokes on computer generated backgrounds. 2008- Bolt Bolt was the first Disney animated feature to be intentionally conceived, designed and produced for 3D. The canine star of a fictional sci-fi/action show that believes his powers are real embarks on a cross country trek to save his co-star from a threat he believes is just as real. |
Disney Studios
This info-graphic is of The Walt Disney Company and all their sub-companies.
DIS has the largest market share out of The Big 5 and definitely is a super conglomerate. Disney have recently bought out part of 20th Century FOX. The part they have bought is FOX's sub-production companies. 'The Walt Disney Company (DIS) is one of the largest media and entertainment companies in the world, operating a vast international industry of television networks, film studios, and theme parks
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